According to Sid Sackson's A Gamut of Games:
The elements of how a computer program works are learned as players move through the program, entering values on three different "counters," and transferring results to their own "printers".
More details from a Twitter thread by Christian Hammond:
You are an instruction pointer. You and your competing instruction pointer share global registers: A, B, and C.
Each turn, you roll dice and move that many instructions down.
Instructions may alter a global register, accumulate the result to your printer, or branch. There are conditionals, loops, gotos, variable assignments, math, and output. You have to track and follow loops and conditionals.
The game ends when an instruction pointer reaches the end of the program. The person with the largest score wins.
The instructions state that the game is meant to teach young players (12 and up) the basics of programming.