From the introduction:
The pass/fail dice roll is a central component of roll playing games. In the 45 years of the development of the hobby, multiple systems have come about. The purpose of this essay is to cover the basics of dice roll mechanics for multiple systems so that the reader can clearly understand how they work. Specifics of stats, attributes, skills, modifiers and conditions are intentionally avoided. Also, except where it is integral to the core mechanic, damage and criticals will not be covered.
This is not an exhaustive list. It is a list of what is at the time of writing the most talked about systems and some of the more unique or unusual systems.
User summary:
The essay specifically looks at these games/systems:
d20 System
Dungeons & Dragons (5th Edition)
Cypher System
Open Legend
2d20 System
GURPS
Shadowrun
Shadowrun: Anarchy
Savage Worlds
Call of Cthulhu
The World of Darkness
Fate Core
Rifts
Powered by the Apocalypse
Genesys
Year Zero Engine
Rolemaster Game System
Castle Falkenstein
Traveller
GUMSHOE